Bacteria are tiny microorganisms that are made up of a single cell. They’re very diverse and can have a large variety of shapes and structural features.

Bacteria can live in almost every conceivable environment, including in or on the human body.

Only a handful of bacteria cause infections in humans. These bacteria are referred to as pathogenic bacteria.

Viruses are another type of tiny microorganism, although they’re even smaller than bacteria. Like bacteria, they’re very diverse and have a variety of shapes and features.

Viruses are parasitic. That means they require living cells or tissue in which to grow.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Introduction

Image
  The  scope of Microbiology  is huge because of the involvement of  microbiology  in various fields such as Pharmacy, Medicine, clinical research, agriculture, dairy industry, water industry, nanotechnology & chemical technology. ...  Microbiologists  can make careers in research and non-research fields. Microbiology  provides information needed to create vaccines and treatments for diseases. Biologists  use microbiology  to develop new methods of combating illness. Companies often employ  microbiologists  to develop new products that kill viruses and bacteria. Microbiologists  typically pursue  Doctor  of Medicine (M.D.),  Doctor  of Philosophy (Ph. D.) or combined M.D.-Ph.
Read more

Antibiotics resistance mechanism

Image
  Bacteria develop ability to hydrolyze these drugs using   β lactamase confers resistance to penicillin e.g. E. coli, Staph epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae add  β lactamase inhibitor  e.g. clavulanic acid in amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) Genetic mutation of  mecA carried by Staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) mobile genetic unit a bacterial gene encoding a penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a).  PBP2a has reduced affinity for antibiotics confers resistance to methicillin, oxacillin, nafcillin e.g. MRSA SCCmec type IV has less genetic elements and is specific to CA-MRSA, making CA-MRSA less multi-drug resistant Altered cell wall permeability confers resistance to tetracyclines, quinolones, trimethoprim and  β lactam antibiotics Creation of biofilm barrier  provides an environment where offending bacteria can multiply safe from the hoste immune system Salmonella Staph epidermidis Active efflux pumps confers res...
Read more